Nanotechnologies - tiny devices and systems on a nanoscale - are developing so fast that regulation has been struggling to keep up. In recent years there have been growing fears about the potential risks to human health and the environment from nanotechnology.
The UK Government established Sure Start in 1999 to provide integrated early years services primarily targeted on disadvantaged groups. One of its main architects, Norman Glass of HM Treasury, described it as "an outstanding example of evidence-based policy."
A new tool assessing the quality of team-related behaviours of the core members of an operating theatre team has been mandated for national use by the National Patient Safety Agency and implemented in several other countries.
Innovation in the UK is not restricted to high-tech and pharmaceutical industries. Right across the country, innovation is turning up in unexpected places and firms. Also, innovation is not just about new products; it is seen in fresh approaches to services, business processes and methods.
Research leading to the development of a simulator for new bus drivers, a psychometric driver assessment, and safety guidelines at bus depots - resulting in substantial cost savings for the bus company.
MissionMaker, a software tool enabling teenagers to create their own computer games, is now used in over 200 schools and is part of the Institute of Education's Masters programmes.
Award-winning psychological research has underpinned the development of Electronic Financial Advice software which delivers computer-based feedback on financial decisions, leading to commercial research spinouts.
Policy recommendations from the Sussex Energy Group have shaped the UK government's position for climate change negotiations, as well as informing the Chilean and Indian governments on technology transfer policies.
The Centre on Skills, Knowledge and Organisational Performance's research has informed the English Skills Strategy and policies in Finland, Norway and Australia.
The UK Children Go Online project has had a substantial impact on the design of safeguards to protect children from harmful material on the internet.